Rxvt Technical Reference

Geoff Wing (gcw@pobox.com)

18 April 1998

Definitions

Values

Escape Sequences

CSI (Code Sequence Introducer) Sequences

DEC Private Modes

XTerm Escape Sequences

menuBar

XPM

Mouse Reporting

Special Graphics Mode

Key Codes

Reworked from XTerm documentation and other sources

Definitions

c

The literal character c.

C

A single (required) character.

Ps

A single (usually optional) numeric parameter, composed of one or more digits.

Pm

A multiple numeric parameter composed of any number of single numeric parameters, separated by ; character(s).

Pt

A text parameter composed of printable characters.

Values

ENQ

Enquiry (Ctrl-E) = Send Device Attributes (DA)
request attributes from terminal == ESC[Psc

BEL

Bell (Ctrl-G)

BS

Backspace (Ctrl-H)

TAB

Horizontal Tab (HT) (Ctrl-I)

LF

Line Feed or New Line (NL) (Ctrl-J)

VT

Vertical Tab (Ctrl-K) same as LF

FF

Form Feed or New Page (NP) (Ctrl-L) same as LF

CR

Carriage Return (Ctrl-M)

SO

Shift Out (Ctrl-N), invokes the G1 character set.
Switch to Alternate Character Set

SI

Shift In (Ctrl-O), invokes the G0 character set (the default)
Switch to Standard Character Set

SPC

Space Character

Escape Sequences

ESC # 8

DEC Screen Alignment Test (DECALN)

ESC 7
ESC 8

Save Cursor (SC)
Restore Cursor

ESC =
ESC >

Application Keypad (SMKX) == ESC[?66h
Normal Keypad (RMKX) == ESC[?66l

Note: If the numeric keypad is activated, eg, Num_Lock has been pressed, numbers or control functions are generated by the numeric keypad (see Key Codes)

ESC D

Index (IND)

ESC E

Next Line (NEL)

ESC H

Tab Set (HTS)

ESC M

Reverse Index (RI)

ESC N

Single Shift Select of G2 Character Set (SS2): affects next character only unimplemented

ESC O

Single Shift Select of G3 Character Set (SS3): affects next character only unimplemented

ESC Z

Obsolete form of ESC[c
returns: ESC[?1;2C rxvt compile-time option

ESC c

Full reset (RIS)

ESC n

Invoke the G2 Character Set (LS2)

ESC o

Invoke the G3 Character Set (LS3)

ESC ( C
ESC ) C
ESC * C
ESC + C
ESC $ C

Designate G0 Character Set (ISO 2022)
Designate G1 Character Set (ISO 2022)
Designate G2 Character Set (ISO 2022)
Designate G3 Character Set (ISO 2022)
Designate Kanji Character Set
where C is

C = 0	DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set
C = A	United Kingdom (UK)
C = B	United States (USASCII)
C = <	Multinational character set unimplemented
C = 5	Finnish character set unimplemented
C = C	Finnish character set unimplemented
C = K	German character set unimplemented

CSI (Code Sequence Introducer) Sequences

ESC [ Ps @

Insert Ps (Blank) Character(s) [default: 1] (ICH)

ESC [ Ps A

Cursor Up Ps Times [default: 1] (CUU)

ESC [ Ps B

Cursor Down Ps Times [default: 1] (CUD)

ESC [ Ps C

Cursor Forward Ps Times [default: 1] (CUF)

ESC [ Ps D

Cursor Backward Ps Times [default: 1] (CUB)

ESC [ Ps E

Cursor Down Ps Times [default: 1] and to first column

ESC [ Ps F

Cursor Up Ps Times [default: 1] and to first column

ESC [ Ps G

Cursor to Column Ps (HPA)

ESC [ Ps;Ps H

Cursor Position [row;column] [default: 1;1] (CUP)

ESC [ Ps I

Move forward Ps tab stops [default: 1]

ESC [ Ps J

Erase in Display (ED)

Ps = 0	Clear Below (default)
Ps = 1	Clear Above
Ps = 2	Clear All

ESC [ Ps K

Erase in Line (EL)

Ps = 0	Clear to Right (default)
Ps = 1	Clear to Left
Ps = 2	Clear All

ESC [ Ps L

Insert Ps Line(s) [default: 1] (IL)

ESC [ Ps M

Delete Ps Line(s) [default: 1] (DL)

ESC [ Ps P

Delete Ps Character(s) [default: 1] (DCH)

ESC [ Ps;Ps;Ps;Ps;Ps T

Initiate hilite mouse tracking. unimplemented Parameters are [func;startx;starty;firstrow;lastrow].

ESC [ Ps W

Tabulator functions

Ps = 0	Tab Set (HTS)
Ps = 2	Tab Clear (TBC), Clear Current Column (default)
Ps = 5	Tab Clear (TBC), Clear All

ESC [ Ps X

Erase Ps Character(s) [default: 1] (ECH)

ESC [ Ps Z

Move backward Ps [default: 1] tab stops

ESC [ Ps '

== ESC [ Ps G

ESC [ Ps a

== ESC [ Ps C

ESC [ Ps c

Send Device Attributes (DA)
Ps = 0 (or omitted) : request attributes from terminal
returns: ESC[?1;2c (``I am a VT100 with Advanced Video Option'')

ESC [ Ps d

Cursor to Line Ps (VPA)

ESC [ Ps e

== ESC [ Ps A

ESC [ Ps;Ps f

Horizontal and Vertical Position [row;column] (HVP) [default: 1;1]

ESC [ Ps g

Tab Clear (TBC)

Ps = 0	Clear Current Column (default)
Ps = 3	Clear All (TBC)

ESC [ Ps i

Printing

Ps = 4	disable transparent print mode (MC4)
Ps = 5	enable transparent print mode (MC5) unimplemented

ESC [ Pm h
ESC [ Pm l

Set Mode (SM)
Reset Mode (RM)

Ps = 4

h	Insert Mode (SMIR)
l	Replace Mode (RMIR)

Ps = 20 unimplemented

h	Automatic Newline (LNM)
h	Normal Linefeed (LNM)

ESC [ Pm m

Character Attributes (SGR)

Ps = 0	Normal (default)
Ps = 1 / 22	On / Off Bold (bright fg)
Ps = 4 / 24	On / Off Underline
Ps = 5 / 25	On / Off Blink (bright bg)
Ps = 7 / 27	On / Off Inverse
Ps = 30 / 40	fg/bg Black
Ps = 31 / 41	fg/bg Red
Ps = 32 / 42	fg/bg Green
Ps = 33 / 43	fg/bg Yellow
Ps = 34 / 44	fg/bg Blue
Ps = 35 / 45	fg/bg Magenta
Ps = 36 / 46	fg/bg Cyan
Ps = 37 / 47	fg/bg White
Ps = 39 / 49	fg/bg Default

ESC [ Ps n

Device Status Report (DSR)

Ps = 5	Status Report ESC [ 0 n (``OK'')
Ps = 6	Report Cursor Position (CPR) [row;column] as ESC [ r ; c R
Ps = 7	Request Display Name
Ps = 8	Request Version Number (place in window title)

ESC [ Ps;Ps r

Set Scrolling Region [top;bottom]
[default: full size of window] (CSR)

ESC [ Ps x

Request Terminal Parameters (DECREQTPARM)

DEC Private Modes

ESC [ ? Pm h

DEC Private Mode Set (DECSET)

ESC [ ? Pm l

DEC Private Mode Reset (DECRST)

ESC [ ? Pm r

Restore previously saved DEC Private Mode Values.

ESC [ ? Pm s

Save DEC Private Mode Values.

ESC [ ? Pm t

Toggle DEC Private Mode Values (rxvt extension).

where

Ps = 1 (DECCKM)

h	Application Cursor Keys
l	Normal Cursor Keys

Ps = 2 unimplemented

h	Designate USASCII for character sets G0-G3.

Ps = 3

h	132 Column Mode (DECCOLM)
l	80 Column Mode (DECCOLM)

Ps = 4 unimplemented

h	Smooth (Slow) Scroll (DECSCLM)
l	Jump (Fast) Scroll (DECSCLM)

Ps = 5

h	Reverse Video (DECSCNM)
l	Normal Video (DECSCNM)

Ps = 6

h	Origin Mode (DECOM)
l	Normal Cursor Mode (DECOM)

Ps = 7

h	Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)
l	No Wraparound Mode (DECAWM)

Ps = 8 unimplemented

h	Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)
l	No Auto-repeat Keys (DECARM)

Ps = 9 X10 XTerm mouse reporting

h	Send Mouse X & Y on button press.
l	No mouse reporting.

Ps = 10 (rxvt)

h	menuBar visible
l	menuBar invisible

Ps = 25

h	Visible cursor {cnorm/cvvis}
l	Invisible cursor {civis}

Ps = 30

h	scrollBar visisble
l	scrollBar invisisble

Ps = 35 (rxvt)

h	Allow XTerm Shift+key sequences
l	Disallow XTerm Shift+key sequences

Ps = 38 unimplemented

Enter Tektronix Mode (DECTEK)

Ps = 40

h	Allow 80/132 Mode
l	Disallow 80/132 Mode

Ps = 44 unimplemented

h	Turn On Margin Bell
l	Turn Off Margin Bell

Ps = 45 unimplemented

h	Reverse-wraparound Mode
l	No Reverse-wraparound Mode

Ps = 46 unimplemented

Ps = 47 unimplemented

h	Use Alternate Screen Buffer
l	Use Normal Screen Buffer

Ps = 66

h	Application Keypad (DECPAM) == ESC =
l	Normal Keypad (DECPNM) == ESC >

Ps = 67

h	Backspace key sends BS (DECBKM)
l	Backspace key sends DEL

Ps = 1000 (X11 XTerm mouse reporting)

h	Send Mouse X & Y on button press and release.
l	No mouse reporting.

Ps = 1001 (X11 XTerm mouse tracking) unimplemented

h	Use Hilite Mouse Tracking.
l	No mouse reporting.

Ps = 1010

h	Don't scroll to bottom on TTY output
l	Scroll to bottom on TTY output

Ps = 1011

h	Scroll to bottom when a key is pressed
l	Don't scroll to bottom when a key is pressed

Top

XTerm Escape Sequences

ESC ] Ps;Pt BEL

Set XTerm Parameters

Ps = 0	Change Icon Name and Window Title to Pt
Ps = 1	Change Icon Name to Pt
Ps = 2	Change Window Title to Pt
Ps = 10 (NB: may change in future)	menuBar command Pt rxvt compile-time option
Ps = 20	Change default background pixmap to Pt
Ps = 39	Change default foreground colour to Pt rxvt compile-time option
Ps = 46	Change Log File to Pt unimplemented
Ps = 49	Change default background colour to Pt rxvt compile-time option
Ps = 50	Set Font to Pt, with the following special values of Pt (rxvt) #+n change up n font(s) #-n change down n font(s) if n is missing of 0, a value of 1 is used empty change to font0 n change to font n
Ps = 55	Log all scrollback buffer and all of screen to Pt

menuBar

The exact syntax used is almost solidified.
In the menus, DON'T try to use menuBar commands that add or remove a menuBar.

Note that in all of the commands, the /path/ cannot be omitted: use ./ to specify a menu relative to the current menu.

Overview of menuBar operation

For the menuBar XTerm escape sequence ESC ] 10; Pt BEL, the syntax of Pt can be used for a variety of tasks:

Commands

Adding and accessing menus

Removing menus

Quick Arrows

Command Summary

At the top level is the current menuBar which is a member of a circular linked-list of other such menuBars.

The menuBar acts as a parent for the various drop-down menus, which in turn, may have labels, separator lines, menuItems and subMenus.

The menuItems are the useful bits: you can use them to mimic keyboard input or even to send text or escape sequences back to rxvt.

The menuBar syntax is intended to provide a simple yet robust method of constructing and manipulating menus and navigating through the menuBars.

The first step is to use the tag [menu:name] which creates the menuBar called name and allows access. You may now add or remove menus, subMenus, and menuItems. Finally, use the tag [done] to set the menuBar access as readonly to prevent accidental corruption of the menus. To re-access the current menuBar for alterations, use the tag [menu], make the alterations and then use [done]

Commands

[menu:name]

access the named menuBar for creation or alteration. If a new menuBar is created, it is called name (max of 15 chars) and the current menuBar is pushed onto the stack

[menu]

access the current menuBar for alteration

[title:string]

set the current menuBar's title to string, which may contain the following format specifiers:
%% : literal % character
%n : rxvt name (as per the -name command-line option)
%v : rxvt version

[done]

set menuBar access as readonly.
End-of-file tag for [read:file] operations.

[read:file]

read menu commands directly from file (extension ".menu" will be appended if required.) Start reading at a line with [menu] or [menu:name and continuing until [done] is encountered.

Blank and comment lines (starting with #) are ignored. Actually, since any invalid menu commands are also ignored, almost anything could be construed as a comment line, but this may be tightened up in the future ... so don't count on it!.

[read:file;name]

The same as [read:file], but start reading at a line with [menu:name] and continuing until [done:name] or [done] is encountered.

[dump]

dump all menuBars to the file /tmp/rxvt-PID in a format suitable for later rereading.

[rm:name]
[rm] [rm:]
[rm*] [rm:*]

remove the named menuBar
remove the current menuBar
remove all menuBars

[swap]

swap the top two menuBars

[prev]
[next]

access the previous or next menuBar

[show]
[hide]

control display of the menuBar ... just like ESC[?10 h/l

[pixmap:name]
[pixmap:name;scaling]

set the background pixmap globally ... just like ESC]20; Pt BEL

A Future implementation may make this local to the menubar

[:command:]

ignore the menu readonly status and issue a command to Add/Modify or Remove a menu or menuitem or change the Quick Arrows; a useful shortcut for setting the quick arrows from a menuBar.

Adding and accessing menus

The following commands may also be + prefixed.

/
./
../
../../

access menuBar top level
access current menu level
access parent menu (1 level up)
access parent menu (multiple levels up)

/path/menu

add/access menu

/path/menu/*

add/access menu and clear it if it exists

/path/{-}

add separator

/path/{item}

add item as a label

/path/{item} action

add/alter menuitem with an associated action

/path/{item}{right-text}

add/alter menuitem with right-text as the right-justified text and as the associated action

/path/{item}{rtext} action

add/alter menuitem with an associated action and with rtext as the right-justified text.

Special characters in action must be backslash-escaped:

\a \b \E \e \n \r \t \octal

or in control-character notation:

^@, ^A .. ^Z .. ^_, ^?

To send a string starting with a NUL (^@) character to the program, start action with a pair of NUL characters (^@^@), the first of which will be stripped off and the balance directed to the program. Otherwise if action begins with NUL followed by non-NUL characters, the leading NUL is stripped off and the balance is sent back to rxvt.

As a convenience for the many Emacs-type editors, action may start with M- (eg, M-$ is equivalent to \E$) and a CR will be appended if missed from M-x commands.

As a convenience for issuing XTerm ESC] sequences from a menubar (or quick arrow), a BEL (^G) will be appended if needed.

For example,

M-xapropos is equivalent to \Exapropos\r

and

\E]10;mona;100 is equivalent to \E]10;mona;100\a

The option {right-rtext} will be right-justified. In the absence of a specified action, this text will be used as the action as well.

For example,

/File/{Open}{^X^F} is equivalent to /File/{Open}{^X^F} ^X^F

The left label is necessary, since it's used for matching, but implicitly hiding the left label (by using same name for both left and right labels), or explicitly hiding the left label (by preceeding it with a dot), makes it possible to have right-justified text only.

For example,

/File/{Open}{Open} Open-File-Action

or hiding it

/File/{.anylabel}{Open} Open-File-Action

Removing menus

-/*
-/pathmenu
-/path{item}
-/path{-}

remove all menus from the menuBar, the same as [clear]
remove menu
remove item
remove separator

-/path/menu/*

remove all items, separators and submenus from menu

Quick Arrows

The menus also provide a hook for quick arrows to provide easier user access. If nothing has been explicitly set, the default is to emulate the curror keys. The syntax permits each arrow to be altered individually or all four at once without re-entering their common beginning/end text. For example, to explicitly associate cursor actions with the arrows, any of the following forms could be used:

<r>Right
<l>Left
<u>Up
<d>Down

Define actions for the respective arrow buttons

<b>Begin
<e>End

Define common beginning/end parts for quick arrows which used in conjunction with the above <r> <l> <u> <d> constructs

For example, define arrows individually,

<u>\E[A
<d>\E[B
<r>\E[C
<l>\E[D

or all at once

<u>\E[A<d>\E[B<r>\E[C<l>\E[D

or more compactly (factoring out common parts)

<b>\E[<u>A<d>B<r>C<l>D

Command Summary

A short summary of the most common commands:

[menu:name]

use an existing named menuBar or start a new one

[menu]

use the current menuBar

[title:string]

set menuBar title

[done]

set menu access to readonly and, if reading from a file, signal EOF

[done:name]

if reading from a file using [read:file;name] signal EOF

[rm:name]
[rm] [rm:]
[rm*] [rm:*]

remove named, current, or all menuBar(s)

[swap]

swap top two menuBars

[prev]
[next]

access the previous/next menuBar

[show]
[hide]

map/unmap menuBar

[pixmap;file]
[pixmap;file;scaling]

set a background pixmap

[read:file]
[read:file;name]

read in a menu from a file

[dump]

dump out all menuBars to /tmp/rxvt-PID

/

access menuBar top level

./
../
../../

access current or parent menu level

/path/menu

add/access menu

/path/{-}

add separator

/path/{item}{rtext} action

add/alter menu item
({rtext} and/or action, may be omitted)

-/*

remove all menus from the menuBar

-/path/menu

remove menu items, separators and submenus from menu

-/path/menu

remove menu

-/path/{item}

remove item

-/path/{-}

remove separator

<b>Begin<r>Right<l>Left<u>Up<d>Down<e>End

menu quick arrows

XPM

For the XPM XTerm escape sequence ESC ] 20; Pt BEL then value of Pt can be the name of the background pixmap followed by a sequence of scaling/positioning commands separated by semi-colons. The scaling/positioning commands are as follows:

query scale/position

?

change scale and position

WxH+X+Y
WxH+X (== WxH+X+X)
WxH (same as WxH+50+50)
W+X+Y (same as WxW+X+Y)
W+X (same as WxW+X+X)
W (same as WxW+50+50)

change position (absolute)

=+X+Y
=+X (same as =+X+Y)

change position (relative)

+X+Y
+X (same as +X+Y)

rescale (relative)

Wx0 -> W *= (W/100)
0xH -> H *= (H/100)

For example:

\E]20;funky\a

load funky.xpm as a tiled image

\E]20;mona;100\a

load mona.xpm with a scaling of 100%

\E]20;;200;?\a

rescale the current pixmap to 200% and display the image geometry in the title

Mouse Reporting

ESC [ M <b> <x> <y>

report mouse position

Button = (<b> - SPACE) & 3

0 = Button1 pressed
1 = Button2 pressed
2 = Button3 pressed
3 = button released (X11 mouse report)

The upper bits of <b> indicate the modifiers when the button was pressed and are added together (X11 mouse report only):

State = (<b> - SPACE) & 60

4 = Shift
8 = Meta
16 = Control
32 = Double Click (Rxvt extension)
Col = <x> - SPACE
Row = <y> - SPACE

Special Graphics Mode

Add more documentation here, if anyone actually cares.

ESC G Q

query if graphics are available
returns: ESC G 0 no graphics available
returns: ESC G 1 graphics available (colour only)

ESC G W <;x>;<y>;<w>;<h>:

create window

ESC G C <id>

clear window

ESC G G <it>:

query window
returns: ESC G <id> <x> <y> <w> <h> <fw> <fh> <nw> <nh>

ESC G L <id>
ESC G P <id>
ESC G F <id>

start point
start line
start fill

;<x>;<y>

extend point/line/fill

ESC G T <id>;<x>;<y>;<mode>;<len>:<text>

place text

Key Codes

Note: Shift + F1-F10 generates F11-F20

For the keypad, use Shift to temporarily override Application-Keypad setting use Num_Lock to toggle Application-Keypad setting if Num_Lock is off, escape sequences toggle Application-Keypad setting. Also note that values of Home, End, Delete may have been compiled differently on your system.

	Normal	Shift	Control	Ctrl+Shift
Tab	^I	ESC [ Z	^I	ESC [ Z
BackSpace	^H	^?	^?	^?
Find	ESC [ 1 ~	ESC [ 1 $	ESC [ 1 ^	ESC [ 1 @
Insert	ESC [ 2 ~	paste	ESC [ 2 ^	ESC [ 2 @
Execute	ESC [ 3 ~	ESC [ 3 $	ESC [ 3 ^	ESC [ 3 @
Select	ESC [ 4 ~	ESC [ 4 $	ESC [ 4 ^	ESC [ 4 @
Prior	ESC [ 5 ~	scroll-up	ESC [ 5 ^	ESC [ 5 @
Next	ESC [ 6 ~	scroll-down	ESC [ 6 ^	ESC [ 6 @
Home	ESC [ 7 ~	ESC [ 7 $	ESC [ 7 ^	ESC [ 7 @
End	ESC [ 8 ~	ESC [ 8 $	ESC [ 8 ^	ESC [ 8 @
Delete	ESC [ 3 ~	ESC [ 3 $	ESC [ 3 ^	ESC [ 3 @
F1	ESC [ 11 ~	ESC [ 23 ~	ESC [ 11 ^	ESC [ 23 ^
F2	ESC [ 12 ~	ESC [ 24 ~	ESC [ 12 ^	ESC [ 24 ^
F3	ESC [ 13 ~	ESC [ 25 ~	ESC [ 13 ^	ESC [ 25 ^
F4	ESC [ 14 ~	ESC [ 26 ~	ESC [ 14 ^	ESC [ 26 ^
F5	ESC [ 15 ~	ESC [ 28 ~	ESC [ 15 ^	ESC [ 28 ^
F6	ESC [ 17 ~	ESC [ 29 ~	ESC [ 17 ^	ESC [ 29 ^
F7	ESC [ 18 ~	ESC [ 31 ~	ESC [ 18 ^	ESC [ 31 ^
F8	ESC [ 19 ~	ESC [ 32 ~	ESC [ 19 ^	ESC [ 32 ^
F9	ESC [ 20 ~	ESC [ 33 ~	ESC [ 20 ^	ESC [ 33 ^
F10	ESC [ 21 ~	ESC [ 34 ~	ESC [ 21 ^	ESC [ 34 ^
F11	ESC [ 23 ~	ESC [ 23 $	ESC [ 23 ^	ESC [ 23 @
F12	ESC [ 24 ~	ESC [ 24 $	ESC [ 24 ^	ESC [ 24 @
F13	ESC [ 25 ~	ESC [ 25 $	ESC [ 25 ^	ESC [ 25 @
F14	ESC [ 26 ~	ESC [ 26 $	ESC [ 26 ^	ESC [ 26 @
F15 (Help)	ESC [ 28 ~	ESC [ 28 $	ESC [ 28 ^	ESC [ 28 @
F16 (Menu)	ESC [ 29 ~	ESC [ 29 $	ESC [ 29 ^	ESC [ 29 @
F17	ESC [ 31 ~	ESC [ 31 $	ESC [ 31 ^	ESC [ 31 @
F18	ESC [ 32 ~	ESC [ 32 $	ESC [ 32 ^	ESC [ 32 @
F19	ESC [ 33 ~	ESC [ 33 $	ESC [ 33 ^	ESC [ 33 @
F20	ESC [ 34 ~	ESC [ 34 $	ESC [ 34 ^	ESC [ 34 @
				Application
Up	ESC [ A	ESC [ a	ESC O a	ESC O A
Down	ESC [ B	ESC [ b	ESC O b	ESC O B
Right	ESC [ C	ESC [ c	ESC O c	ESC O C
Left	ESC [ D	ESC [ d	ESC O d	ESC O D
KP_Enter	^M			ESC O M
KP_F1	ESC O P			ESC O P
KP_F2	ESC O Q			ESC O Q
KP_F3	ESC O R			ESC O R
KP_F4	ESC O S			ESC O S
XK_KP_Multiply	*			ESC O j
XK_KP_Add	+			ESC O k
XK_KP_Separator	,			ESC O l
XK_KP_Subtract	-			ESC O m
XK_KP_Decimal	.			ESC O n
XK_KP_Divide	/			ESC O o
XK_KP_0	0			ESC O p
XK_KP_1	1			ESC O q
XK_KP_2	2			ESC O r
XK_KP_3	3			ESC O s
XK_KP_4	4			ESC O t
XK_KP_5	5			ESC O u
XK_KP_6	6			ESC O v
XK_KP_7	7			ESC O w
XK_KP_8	8			ESC O x
XK_KP_9	9			ESC O y

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